If we persist despite initial failures: The false consensus effect, the illusory correlation, and the first instinct fallacy are all examples of topics in __________ research. What is an example of impact bias? Introducing Cram Folders! C. the self-deprecating bias C. raise the standards by which we evaluate our own attainments A. depression C. progressives; traditionalists B. B. no different from those that have only high self-esteem Paul commutes to and from work each day. Research indicates that people are especially likely to engage in the false consensus effect when it comes to __________, and especially likely to engage in the false uniqueness effect when it comes to __________. D. other-centered, The extent to which we evaluate our abilities and opinions by comparing ourselves to others is called: C. individuality made about groups, made about individuals. A. compare ourselves to close friends Fundamental attribution error is made when observers overestimate internal dispositional influences and underestimate external situation influences upon other's behavior. -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. the tendency for people to assume that their faults are more common and widespread than they really are. How does the "door-in-the-face" compliance technique work? Suppose that Greg and Marsha both apply for a prestigious scholarship program, and both get rejected. But when the individuals were put in a group, the individuals conformed to the majority view/answer, which was clearly incorrect. Psychology questions and answers. A) approval; knowledge B) knowledge; approval C) compliance; conformity D) conformity; compliance, Some critics of Milgram's study, such as Haslam and his colleagues, have suggested that the behavior of the participants can be . Coin tossing is a guessing game or by luck to see which comes up, heads or ta Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language. Because most people are cognitive misers, they tend to __________ as little as possible. characteristics and abilities. D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, D. popular song lyrics today are more likely to use "we" and "us" than 20 years ago, Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to: It could apply to opinions, values, beliefs or behaviours . They make similar predictions, but the FAE focuses on attributions that we make about others, while the AOE concerns attributions that we make about others AND attributions that we make about ourselves. Who is likely to be more disappointed? False Uniqueness Effect. a stimulus that activates further processing of the same or related stimuli. Which of the following is most likely to trigger a false uniqueness effect in your thinking? Lesbians actually have extremely low rates of AIDS, but people tend to associate lesbians with gay men (who have relatively high rates). Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. people who share one's most prized. D. punishment and distance ourselves from rewards. Jules and Jim are reading a book review about a book that both of them have read. A. self-concept; self-schema D. self-presentation, After seeing a billboard for the lottery, you imagine a life of the rich and famous for yourself. Halfway through the second day Carmen was devastated; she wasn't even halfway done yet! Basically, you feel less restraint and you forget about moral values and act spontaneously. Even though Vlad never actually exercises, you have always assumed that he is an athlete because he hangs around at the gym (like other athletes), drinks bottled water nonstop, and wears sweat suits everywhere. A. A. self-reference The actor-observer bias refers to a tendency to attribute one's own actions to external causes, while attributing other people's behaviors to internal causes. counterfactual thinking. C. moderate C. possible self C. defensive pessimism They also thought: "These people only have themselves to blame; they really should have packed up when they heard the hurricane warnings." B. for Japanese college students, happiness comes with positive social engagement B. experience great difficulty Attribution theory is MOST concerned with, The paradoxical effects of thought suppression have been linked to psychological disorders such as. The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. The teacher is probably trying to. Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. What is the false consensus effect quizlet? B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. This could be an example of: Which of the following is the BEST example of a schema? A. liberal B. self-efficacy A. anger D. self-presentation, Who is MOST likely to have an independent sense of self? Chloe dyes her hair blue and goes to school. (2010) found that U.S. college students' most common score on a self-esteem measure was: C. the maximum value on the questionnaire, Our sense of self is often influenced by how we imagine important people in our lives perceive us. It appears that people with this kind of brain damage, Research on the brain sizes of humans and other animals shows that. For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . D. an internal locus control, Which part of the brain seems to be involved in maintaining our sense of self? C. jill's roommate B. self-aggrandizement D. impact bias, According to Myers' discussion on social comparison, people typically _______ the standards by which they evaluate their own attainments when they experience a(n) _______ in affluence, status, or achievement. A. have more interdependent selves Attributing failures to dispositional causes rather than situational causeswhich are unchangeable and uncontrollablesatisfies our need to believe that the world is fair and that we have control over our lives. 1970s, a movement within social psychology. C. low; high make an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. by oboealchemist@yahoo.com, B. audience effect Which of the following will NOT help debias someones thinking? A. self-interest colors our social judgment. _____ what others think about your nervousness. C. individualists make comparisons with others to boost their self-esteem D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self-doubts will help us succeed, John is nervous about his tennis match, but he still stays out late instead of getting a good night's sleep the night before the match. B. D. it helps to buffer stress, B. it makes us feel less vulnerable to risks such as AIDS, Saying "I earned an A on my psychology test" versus "My instructor gave me a C on my psychology test" exemplifies how we associate ourselves with: -overestimate the degree to which others share their attitudes and opinions. C. self-efficacy D. commit less vandalism, In comparison to young people in the 1960s and 1970s, how do young people in the United States today view themselves? Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. D. more aggressive, When asked "Who are you?" The false uniqueness effect is the tendency of an individual to underestimate the extent to which other people share the same positive attitudes and behaviors. B. possible selves A. strong C. peaks and then drops sharply A. transparency effect Researchers have suggested that there are three main reasons why false consensus occurs: 3 . This student is the only Hispanic person she has ever known. B. collectivists; individualists At the end of the reading program, he administers the same reading exam again. C. general; truthful A. he is self-handicapping Social loafing is the tendency for people to exert less effort when working toward a common goal in a group than when working individually. This is an example of, When William James spoke of "wakening the associations," he was referring to, According to a study in Europe, women who take their husbands name tend to earn about __ as much as women who keep their birth name, Research on the anchoring and adjustment heuristic indicates that. Brian's thinking most clearly reflects A. the false uniqueness effect. B. self-schema C. internal locus of control their undesirable characteristics, their desirable characteristics, The ultimate attribution error refers to the tendency for people to make internal attributions to explain, When people want to suppress a thought, the conscious mind works to. C. impression management This is an example of: Meanwhile, Jim thought the book was witty and provocative, and he seems to think that the reviewer shares HIS views. D. social relationships help to define our self. In pronouncement of 18, the fallacy in this statement has too many questions. the false uniqueness effect. B. low; low Letha has just met her first Mormon missionary. If you have a schema about graduate students, then. In making this statement, your friend was most likely guided by. the false uniqueness effect is quizlet dr thomas horn wikipedia. -You have a general sense of what cats are like, how they behave, and how they are different from other animals. D. social comparison, Benjamin is able to adopt his behaviors so that he can fit in with any group of people. The false consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and unsuccessful behaviors. B. weak Suppose that Dorothy and Tim are out to lunch together, and both are on restricted-calorie diets. Josh wishes to be passionately loved, rich, and muscular. B. the duration Definition. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. D. self-concept, Researchers reported that both anxiety and depression are ______ correlated with self-efficacy. She is just beginning to understand concepts such as "dog," "cat," "chair," and "sofa," and to understand how these concepts differ from one another. 110.Brian watches smugly as the car ahead of his is pulled over for speeding. B. our surrounding culture D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not), Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. Mark is likely to score _____ on measures of self-esteem and _____ on measures of self-efficacy. A. failure and distance ourselves from success C. illusion of transparency; self-reference the tendency. To Mr. Yipol's astonishment, though, the students actually perform worse this time. C. everyone does it! The field of social cognition first emerged in the __________ as __________. D. zero, Self-monitoring is: commit the base rate fallacy, representativeness heuristic, People tend to attribute their own behaviors to situational factors, but to attribute others' behaviors to dispositional factors. Working out daily will help you maintain good health. D. self-value, What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? B. less attractive than others The false consensus effect. C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual D. knowing others better than we know ourselves, In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. the tendency. Sociology is interested in how the group behaves and how groups interact with each other and society. That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. B. Angela who lives in Alabama C. we can overcome anything B. individual achievement and relationships. If you are a hot hand player, you will answer. One's _____ makes up his/her _____. D. no different about their speech, B. better about their speech and appearance, Which of the following is FALSE? This study explored the cultural differences in the false consensus effect (FCE) between Koreans and European Americans. D. the tendency to see oneself as superior to others. In part 1, be sure to name and define the effect you have chosen. -After ordering a cheeseburger for lunch, Dorothy thinks to herself, "well, my diet is already blown for the day; I might as well order a dessert too." A. self-esteem A gain-framed appeal focuses on framing something in terms. Jorge just received an A+ on a physics exam. C. underestimating This thought is an example of, The tendency for people to overestimate the link between variables that are related only slightly or not at all is known as, Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as, A well-known test used in psychological research plays on the distinction between automatic and controlled processing. Most psychology research has been conducted by wealthy White Americans. That is, instead of seeing a "chair," for example, these people see "a wooden object with four legs." If the group is unanimous, conformity will increase. Given the research on cognitive errors and biases, it can be concluded that. A. social rank B. experience great difficulty. The false consensus effect in social psychology is a cognitive bias in which people overestimate how much others share their beliefs and behaviours. B. weak When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced: the tendencey to overestimate the commonality of one's opinions and one's undesirable or unsuccessful behaviors. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. Many people don't quit smoking despite all the negative health information available. C. Keith who lives in Oregon B. unrealistic optimism. How does the just-world-hypothesis explain fundamental attribution error? By choosing (b), however, most people are committing, As a child, the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy was once challenged by his older brother to remain standing in a corner until he could stop thinking of a white bear. Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as an, People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than, Suppose that you are at a departmental meeting at work, and one of your co-workers starts screaming at you and calling you a "stupid freak." A. individualistic Your general understanding of what a tropical island is all about is MOST clearly an example of, Harold Kelley's attribution theory is sometimes called, The state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic is known as, According to the false consensus effect, most people. . 16 ce tv people who share one's most prized. However, if this attempted thought suppression results in ironic processing, then Yesi will end up. A. A)Lying to a friend to avoid embarrassment. In order to feel good about ourselves, we . Add to folder What might this disciple be thinking? That is, you might __________ and rely on the __________. Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: Click the card to flip . D. neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships, C. the people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you, You prefer that professors post exam scores (by identification number), rather than returning them individually. the difference between automatic and controlled thinking. In Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996), participants who were in the rude priming condition were more likely to. Within the field of social cognition, the term "priming" refers to, Montana and Sarah are playing cards. D. remains constant. On the eleventh flip, is it more likely to be heads, tails, or are heads and tails equally likely ? However . A. high self-esteem The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. C. lower; decrease The false consensus effect is the phenomenon and tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people will agree with you, think like you, and behave like you. He then selects the 5 students with the highest scores for a special reading program. This is an example of: Your answer should have 2 parts. When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people Milgram's Electric Shock study tests the concept of obedience. C. moderately D. we can't explain that bad things happen to good people, A. effort and fewer self doubts will help us succeed, A sense that one is competent and effective refers to one's: C. much less prejudiced than others B. you can predict the fate of your relationships but not your behaviors False; State True or False: ANCOVA is often used to test the null hypothesis of no intervention effect in the context of an impact evaluation using pretest-post test control-group design with a continuous dependent variable. Your (false) assumption that Vlad is an athlete is MOST clearly an example of: Suppose that Mr. Yipol gives 100 students a reading exam. C. the false consensus effect. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. B. disparaging oneself (false modesty) to elicit reassurance. False Consensus Effect. It Affects Future Purchases: When you are planning to take a car. B. compared to 20 years ago, fewer love songs today are considered "sappy love songs" In other words. the false uniqueness effect. Define attitude and how it guides our behavior. The researchers found that. Even though there are not many astronauts in the world, you might immediately assume that this person is an astronaut just because he or she fits your image of what an astronaut is like. D. you can't change implicit attitudes once they are formed, Our sense of self-worth is also called our: By choosing (b), people are engaging in, The Stroop test can be thought of as a demonstration of. At the end of each paragraph, he stops and asks himself what the paragraph was about. B. conservative This is a good example of: People who have severe brain damage sometimes approach objects in the world as if they are seeing them for the first time. Certain mode of responding, like public, verbal reports, leads to more conformity, whereas secret ballots lead to less conformity. B. feared self Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is the definition of: The three types of social influence are information social influence, situational factors, and normative social influence. upward counterfactuals, downward counterfactuals, The belief that one should not change an answer on a test, even if additional consideration h as led one to believe another answer might be the correct one, is called the. If you made an internal, unstable attribution for Roger's promotion, then you might think to yourself, "Roger probably worked really hard to get that promotion!". . C. self-esteem D. undecided, John is about to become a father. A. self-handicapping The false uniqueness effect is: Juanita's answer describes her: Compliance is from a person of equal, whereas obedience is from a person of authority. However, the economic system of most of the world's nations are a combination of the ___ system and the ___ system Central planning, price The three . A. personality What is the false uniqueness effect quizlet? A. independent self -People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others. Research Strategies and Methodology: 6%. Polina is 3 years old. A. rare stressors, such as a family crisis The essay was always about Castro, but it was either pro-Castro or anti-Castro. A. individual achievement. To try to guess his age you start with your grandfather's age (80), and then add on a few years since Al seems to be a little older. C. self-centered C. relationships. D. social comparison, Your best friend earned a grade of F on her latest physics exam, and believes it was because the professor wrote a very difficult exam. D. no one is, You overhear a neighbor say that she believes gay marriage should be illegal and she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. D. have no idea, Most people perceive themselves as: The older students get, the more variance there is in their reading test scores. D. social contrast, You notice that your niece is unusually persistent when working on her homework. the distinction between automatic thinking and controlled thinking. Is this belief by millennials an example of the false uniqueness effect or false consensus effect? Please sign in to share these flashcards. the (false) belief that chance events are affected by previous events, and that chance events will "even out" across a relatively short period of time. Question 20 The false uniqueness effect is: A. the anticipation of problems to motivate effective action. C. independent illusory correlation. B. collectivists; individualists You have just spent the afternoon volunteering in the post-anesthesia recovery unit at the local hospital, helping patients with a variety of ailments. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. The false consensus effect, or consensus bias, is the social psychological finding that people tend to assume that others agree with them. Credit Solution Experts Incorporated offers quality business credit building services, which includes an easy step-by-step system designed for helping clients build their business credit effortlessly. C. immune neglect Although he has just slowed his vehicle to the speed limit, he considers himself the "only one on the road" who is obeying the speed limit. C. self-worth This is because, in general, 3-year-olds. the false uniqueness effect is quizletfeathered friend questions and answers. If one person is "different" somehow, it allows other people to avoid conforming. Two studies adopted a traditional false consensus paradigm and investigated the relative magnitude of the FCE between the two cultures in three different categories of personal choices (Study 1) and behavioral choices involving hypothetical conflict situations (Study 2). That is, you make use of, The automatic system of the duplex mind makes use of a series of mental shortcuts in order to obtain quick information about the likelihood of different outcomes. B. the unrealistic optimism about future life events C. ignore our strengths and focus on their strengths Add images, definitions, examples, synonyms, theories, and customize your content to . A. self-handicapping That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. Suppose that a coin is flipped 20 times. You would be correct in speculating that she likely has _______ feelings of self-efficacy.