http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/ (2021). and S.G. conducted data curation. A life cycle assessment demonstrates that the adhesives synthesized via this approach outcompete the same materials derived from petroleum feedstocks on nearly every metric, including carbon dioxide emissions and cumulative energy demand. Following multiple decrement life table methods previously used to measure the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy8,16,17, we calculated two additional sets of estimates of life expectancy decline: (1) the difference between 2020 life expectancy estimated above and a scenario in which COVID-19 mortality has been eliminated from 2020 (DT20; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 and Methods); and (2) the difference between 2019 life expectancy estimated from 2019 death records and a scenario in which 2019 all-cause mortality has been inflated to include COVID-19 mortality (DT19; Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and Methods). Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. SAP GUI Scripting Security Guide. Recording of LIFE Infoday session(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022) CAS The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. Fourth, the economic crisis that hit Brazil in 2014 has contributed to increases in mortality35, poverty and inequality36. Wernet, G. et al. Res. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). However, this approach can lead to low yields due to competitive ester hydrolysis41,42 and catalyst deactivation by water43. J. Chem. Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. Article Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. Lancet Glob. quizlet cosmetology. Third, because local health authorities have 60 d to report deaths from any cause, delayed death registration might be an issue in 2021, and, thus, for the first 4 months of 2021, we used confirmed COVID-19 deaths as reported by Brasil.io, which compiles epidemiological bulletins from the 27 state health departments. Supports production requirements as needed and performs other related duties consistent with the nature of the job as directed by the Ops Leader/Plant Leader. To access more than one type of pressure-sensitive adhesive, we needed a method to shorten the linear polymers obtained after the decrosslinking step. Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). <> An estimated 6.3 billion metric tons of post-consumer polymer waste has been produced, with the majority (79%) in landfills or the environment. M.S. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. An international comparison of age and sex dependency of COVID-19 deaths in 2020: a descriptive analysis, A population-based cohort study of socio-demographic risk factors for COVID-19 deaths in Sweden, Years of life lost to COVID-19 in 81 countries, Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of HIV Mortality in China: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, Disease and healthcare burden of COVID-19 in the United States, Impact of COVID-19 on older adults and role of long-term care facilities during early stages of epidemic in Italy, Global ecological analysis of COVID-19 mortality and comparison between the East and the West, Short- and medium-term impacts of strict anti-contagion policies on non-COVID-19 mortality in China, Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2, https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html, https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/data, https://github.com/mcastrolab/Brazil-Covid19-e0-change/tree/main/code, https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf, https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772, https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/14/brazil-manaus-amazonas-covid-coronavirus, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.26.21252554v1, http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/tabela-de-dados/, https://virological.org/t/first-reported-cases-of-sars-cov-2-sub-lineage-b-1-617-2-in-brazil-an-outbreak-in-a-ship-and-alert-for-spread/706, https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002, https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448, https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia, http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/27/brazil-begins-parliamentary-inquiry-into-bolsonaros-covid-response, Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study, Coronavirus disease-related in-hospital mortality: a cohort study in a private healthcare network in Brazil, The 90 plus: longevity and COVID-19 survival, Years of life lost during the Covid-19 pandemic in Sweden considering variation in life expectancy by level of geriatric care. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives ability to dissipate energy. Coates, G. W. & Getzler, Y. D. Y. L. Chemical recycling to monomer for an ideal, circular polymer economy. The superabsorbent polymer provided by P&G is a sodium poly(acrylate) crosslinked via ~0.05mol% poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate co-monomer (PAAP&G)30. Plots of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus time and maximum specific energy (wmax) for sonicating PAAP&G at a 2.5% w/v and b 5.0% w/v. Eng. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). Closed-loop chemical recycling via depolymerization to monomer is also not currently feasible for these superabsorbent materials because side-chain degradation outcompetes depolymerization. Sade Pblica 36, e00115320 (2020). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Standard Action Projects (SAPs) Strategic Nature Projects (SNAPs) SNAPs: (1)target the implementation of the Prioritised Action Frameworks (PAF) other plans or strategies adopted at international, national, regional or multiregional level by nature Considering this factor, the optimized conditions involved sonicating a 2.5% w/v solution for 1min to give an Mw ~360kg/mol, and a 5.0% w/v solution for 2min to give a Mw of ~330kg/mol37. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. ACS Macro Lett. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). As high life expectancies are predominantly in the South region and the lowest are in the North, these results suggest that COVID-19 mortality reproduced regional inequalities, reflecting the pandemics disproportionate burden among vulnerable groups5 but also spatial patterns of COVID-19 spread18. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). e65 declined by a larger percentage for males than females in all states, reflecting mens higher risks of dying from COVID-19 (ref. Fagnani, D. E. et al. Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . J. Adhes. ^c2/rML[,[gs] & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. d, Number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020 per 100,000 people by state (Methods). We abstracted death data on 18 May 2021, for all states, as reported through 30 April 2021 (n=209,458 confirmed COVID-19 deaths). Researchers investigate what COVID-19 does to the heart. Int. Lotta, G., Wenham, C., Nunes, J. Cite this article. 4 0 obj States are colored according to major regions. We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. Google Scholar. Raber, D. J. et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. Rahimi, A. . & van der Schaar, M. Ethnic and regional variations in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil: a cross-sectional observational study. Numbers above 100 indicate more deaths in 2021 than 2020. performed the life cycle assessments mentored by J.A. Castro, M.C., Gurzenda, S., Turra, C.M. 1). 3). Proven ability to identify and interpret a. EXPERIENCE 15 years of experience in Shared Services, BPO, Finance, Business and Investment. Fornof, A. R. et al. Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. Prod. We assumed that those dying in a given month from any cause contributed, on average, 0.5/12 person-years, whereas the contribution of survivors was 1/12 person-years. M.C.C. Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. In addition, D.I.C. 276, 123350 (2020). When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. 9w%?>Jb(o.IACt"`. % Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. In this work, we report a mild and efficient synthetic route for open-loop recycling the acrylic-based superabsorbent material used in diapers. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. The authors declare no other competing interests. Public Health 17, 4322 (2020). For decades, mechanical recycling has been used to recover some value from waste polymers, although recycling rates are low2 and the material quality is often reduced. As a result, estimated e0 in Brazil in the presence of COVID-19 reflects levels observed in 2014 (Supplementary Table 10).